π Section 1: Geography, Economy & Ancient History
1. With reference to solar energy potential of States in India, consider the following statements.
- Rajasthan has the highest solar energy potential.
- Sikkim has the lowest solar energy potential.
- (A) Both the statements (1) and (2) are correct
- (B) Only the statement (1) is correct
- (C) Only the statement (2) is correct
- (D) Both the statements (1) and (2) are incorrectβ Correct Answer: (B) Only the statement (1) is correct
Explanation: Rajasthan indeed has the highest solar energy potential due to its vast arid geography. However, other territories or states might rank lower than Sikkim, making statement 2 incorrect.
2. What is the correct order of top three positions achieved by the following States in ‘Fiscal Health Index 2025’ published by NITI Aayog?
i. Chhattisgarh | ii. Goa | iii. Odisha
- (A) (i), (ii), (iii)
- (B) (ii), (i), (iii)
- (C) (iii), (ii), (i)
- (D) (iii), (i), (ii)β Correct Answer: (D) (iii), (i), (ii)
Explanation: According to the index, Odisha ranked first, followed by Chhattisgarh, and then Goa.
3. In which Mahajanapada of Ancient India in the seventh century B.C., Ayojjha town was located on the Banks of Sarayu river?
- (A) Avanti
- (B) Kosala
- (C) Kamboj
- (D) Panchalaβ Correct Answer: (B) Kosala
Explanation: The ancient town of Ayojjha (Ayodhya) on the banks of the Sarayu River was a prominent city in the Kosala Mahajanapada.
4. What is the revised investment limit for small enterprises as per the Union Budget 2025-26?
- (A) βΉ15 Crore
- (B) βΉ25 Crore
- (C) βΉ35 Crore
- (D) βΉ50 Croreβ Correct Answer: (B) βΉ25 Crore
Explanation: For small enterprises under MSME, the investment threshold in plant and machinery was kept at up to βΉ25 crore.
5. Which of the following elements is a metalloid?
- (A) Silver
- (B) Silicon
- (C) Sulphur
- (D) Sodiumβ Correct Answer: (B) Silicon
Explanation: Silicon exhibits properties of both metals and non-metals, classifying it as a metalloid.
6. In which of the following years, Indian Rupee was not devalued?
- (A) 1949
- (B) 1966
- (C) 1991
- (D) 1998β Correct Answer: (D) 1998
Explanation: Major devaluations of the Indian Rupee occurred in 1949, 1966, and twice in 1991. It was not devalued in 1998.
7. Which of the following sources of knowledge is accepted by Kumarilabhatta but not accepted by Prabhakara?
- (A) Testimony
- (B) Comparison
- (C) Postulation
- (D) Non-perceptionβ Correct Answer: (D) Non-perception
Explanation: In Mimamsa philosophy, Kumarilabhatta accepts six pramanas including ‘Anupalabdhi’ (Non-perception), whereas Prabhakara accepts only five, rejecting Anupalabdhi.
8. Among the texts given below, which is written in Sanskrit language and describes the rules of Buddhism?
- (A) Vaipulya Sutra
- (B) Vinay Pitaka
- (C) Dipavamsa-Mahavamsa
- (D) Jataka Talesβ Correct Answer: (A) Vaipulya Sutra
Explanation: Vaipulya Sutras are part of the expanded Mahayana texts predominantly written in Sanskrit.
9. Arrange the following deficits given in the Union Budget 2025-26 in descending order of percentage of Gross Domestic Product (GDP).
i. Effective Revenue Deficit | ii. Fiscal Deficit | iii. Primary Deficit | iv. Revenue Deficit
- (A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
- (B) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
- (C) (ii), (iii), (iv), (i)
- (D) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)β Correct Answer: (D) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
Explanation: Generally, the Fiscal Deficit is the largest percentage, followed by Revenue Deficit, Primary Deficit, and Effective Revenue Deficit.
10. Which of the following products was the first to get a Geographical Indication (GI) tag in India?
- (A) Darjeeling Tea
- (B) Banarasi Saree
- (C) Tirupati Laddu
- (D) Blue Pottery of Jaipurβ Correct Answer: (A) Darjeeling Tea
Explanation: Darjeeling Tea was the first product in India to receive a GI tag in 2004-05.
π Section 2: Environment, Science & History
11. Khajuraho was the main centre of art of which time period?
- (A) Chandel period
- (B) Mughal period
- (C) Gupta period
- (D) Mauryan periodβ Correct Answer: (A) Chandel period
Explanation: The famous Khajuraho group of monuments were built by the Chandela dynasty rulers between 950 and 1050 AD.
12. How do wide and broad bag straps improve comfort and ease while carrying a load?
- (A) The pressure exerted by the bag increases
- (B) The force exerted by the bag increases
- (C) The pressure exerted by the bag decreases
- (D) The force exerted by the bag decreasesβ Correct Answer: (C) The pressure exerted by the bag decreases
Explanation: Pressure is Force divided by Area. Wider straps increase the surface area, which decreases the pressure exerted on the shoulders.
13. Which two ancient Indian texts have been inscribed in the UNESCO’s Memory of the World Register in 2025?
- (A) Bhagvad Gita and Charak Samhita
- (B) Bhagvad Gita and Natya Shastra
- (C) Bhagvad Gita and Ramayan
- (D) Bhagvad Gita and Rigvedaβ Correct Answer: (B) Bhagvad Gita and Natya Shastra
Explanation: According to the official answer key, the Bhagavad Gita and Natya Shastra were inscribed.
14. Which of the following Committee was formed for the amendment in Fiscal Responsibility and Budget Management (FRBM) Act, 2003?
- (A) Vijay Kelkar Committee
- (B) N. K. Singh Committee
- (C) C. Rangarajan Committee
- (D) Nachiket Mor Committeeβ Correct Answer: (B) N. K. Singh Committee
Explanation: The N.K. Singh Committee was constituted in 2016 to review the FRBM Act and suggest a new fiscal framework.
15. What was the theme of World Environment Day 2025?
- (A) Only One Earth
- (B) Solutions to Plastic Pollution
- (C) Beat Plastic Pollution
- (D) Ecosystem Restorationβ Correct Answer: (C) Beat Plastic Pollution
Explanation: The official key designates “Beat Plastic Pollution” as the correct theme for 2025.
16. Arrange the following four types of rural-urban streams of internal migration in India in descending order of percentage.
i. From rural areas to rural areas | ii. From rural areas to urban areas | iii. From urban areas to urban areas | iv. From urban areas to rural areas
- (A) (ii) (iii) (i) (iv)
- (B) (iii) (ii) (iv) (i)
- (C) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
- (D) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)β Correct Answer: (C) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)
Explanation: Rural-to-rural migration dominates in India (largely due to female marriage migration), followed by rural-to-urban, urban-to-urban, and finally urban-to-rural.
17. The study of energy transfer various trophic levels of a food chain is:
- (A) Biotransformation
- (B) Bioenergetics
- (C) Biogeocoenosis
- (D) Holocoenosisβ Correct Answer: (B) Bioenergetics
Explanation: Bioenergetics is the scientific study of the flow and transformation of energy in and between living organisms.
18. In context of rock formation, who first used the term “Pleistocene”?
- (A) Sir Charles Lyell
- (B) Kober
- (C) Fox and Weddell
- (D) Edward Suessβ Correct Answer: (A) Sir Charles Lyell
Explanation: British geologist Sir Charles Lyell introduced the term “Pleistocene” in 1839.
19. From which Fiscal year, the planned and non-planned classification of expenditure of budget was discontinued?
- (A) 2012-13
- (B) 2015-16
- (C) 2017-18
- (D) 2020-21β Correct Answer: (C) 2017-18
Explanation: The Government of India abolished the distinction between plan and non-plan expenditure in the Union Budget starting from the fiscal year 2017-18.
20. Under the ‘Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners Act, 2023’, who among the following is not included in the three-member Selection Committee?
- (A) The Prime Minister of India
- (B) The Chief Justice of India
- (C) The Leader of Opposition in Lok Sabha
- (D) A Union Cabinet Minister nominated by the Prime Ministerβ Correct Answer: (B) The Chief Justice of India
Explanation: The 2023 Act replaced the Chief Justice of India with a Union Cabinet Minister on the selection committee.
ποΈ Section 3: Culture & Resources
21. Which philosophy is not called a heterodox system?
- (A) CΔrvΔka
- (B) Nyaya
- (C) Bauddha
- (D) Digambara Jainβ Correct Answer: (B) Nyaya
Explanation: Nyaya is an orthodox (Astika) school of Indian philosophy that accepts the authority of the Vedas.
22. Who among the following great personalities of Kanishka’s Court has been called the ‘Indian Einstein’?
- (A) Charaka
- (B) Ashwaghosh
- (C) Nagarjuna
- (D) Vasumitraβ Correct Answer: (C) Nagarjuna
Explanation: Nagarjuna is often referred to as the ‘Indian Einstein’ due to his profound philosophy of emptiness (Shunyata).
23. Which ruler of Vijayanagar empire built a dam and canals on the Tungabhadra River?
- (A) Devaraya I
- (B) Devaraya II
- (C) Bukka I
- (D) Krishna Devarayaβ Correct Answer: (A) Devaraya I
Explanation: Devaraya I constructed a prominent dam across the Tungabhadra river to improve irrigation and water supply.
24. Who is the author of the book “Tilakmanjari”?
- (A) Dhananjay
- (B) Dhanpal
- (C) Dhanik
- (D) Padmaguptaβ Correct Answer: (B) Dhanpal
Explanation: The Sanskrit romance “Tilakmanjari” was authored by the 11th-century Jain poet Dhanpal.
25. Which of the following States is not a beneficiary of water resources under the Sardar Sarovar Dam?
- (A) Gujarat
- (B) Madhya Pradesh
- (C) Punjab
- (D) Rajasthanβ Correct Answer: (C) Punjab
Explanation: The beneficiaries of the Sardar Sarovar project are Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Rajasthan. Punjab is not included.
𧬠Section 4: Science, Geography & Indices (Questions 26β40)
26. Sorter’s disease is caused by:
- (A) Fungus
- (B) Protozoa
- (C) Bacteria
- (D) Virusβ Correct Answer: (C) Bacteria
Explanation: Sorter’s disease is a form of anthrax infection caused by the bacteria Bacillus anthracis.
27. Which of the following texts is considered to be the best text in Pali language?
- (A) Dipavamsa
- (B) Mahavamsa
- (C) Vinay Pitaka
- (D) Milinda Panhaβ Correct Answer: (D) Milinda Panha
Explanation: The Milinda Panha (Questions of King Milinda) is highly regarded as a masterpiece of classical Pali prose.
28. What is the correct number of different crops covered under the Minimum Support Price in India?
i. 5 Pulses | ii. 7 Cereals | iii. 7 Oilseeds
- (A) Only (i) and (ii)
- (B) Only (i) and (iii)
- (C) Only (ii) and (iii)
- (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)β Correct Answer: (D) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: The standard MSP mandate covers 22 crops, including 7 cereals, 5 pulses, and 7 oilseeds.
29. Which type of force is used to reduce air pollution by extracting dust, soot and fly-ash particles from factory chimney emissions?
- (A) Frictional force
- (B) Electrostatic force
- (C) Gravitational force
- (D) Magnetic forceβ Correct Answer: (B) Electrostatic force
Explanation: Electrostatic precipitators use electrostatic force to charge and attract soot and dust particles out of the exhaust gas.
30. Match the Rivers with their Tributaries.
List I: a. Indus | b. Ganga | c. Brahmaputra | d. Meghna
List II: i. Subansiri | ii. Kosi | iii. Jatinga | iv. Chenab
- (A) (iv), (ii), (iii), (i)
- (B) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
- (C) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)
- (D) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)β Correct Answer: (D) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
Explanation: Indus pairs with Chenab, Ganga with Kosi, Brahmaputra with Subansiri, and Meghna with Jatinga.
31. The Rigvedic Era Gods are divided into three categories. Who among the following Gods did not completely belong to the earth category?
- (A) Prajapati
- (B) Agni
- (C) Som
- (D) Brihaspatiβ Correct Answer: (A) Prajapati
Explanation: Agni, Soma, and Brihaspati were considered Prithvisthana (earth gods), whereas Prajapati holds a cosmic stature.
32. Which two (02) indicators included by NITI Aayog in its National Multidimensional Poverty Index are NOT included by UNDP in its Multidimensional Poverty Index?
i. Bank Account | ii. Maternal Health | iii. Electricity | iv. Cooking Fuel
- (A) (i) and (ii)
- (B) (iii) and (iv)
- (C) (i) and (iii)
- (D) (ii) and (iv)β Correct Answer: (A) (i) and (ii)
Explanation: India’s national MPI adds ‘Bank Account’ and ‘Maternal Health’ to the standard global indicators used by the UNDP.
33. Match the following (Sportsmen to Sports).
- Divya Deshmukh (e. Chess) | 2. Smriti Mandhana (d. Cricket) | 3. Sudhanshu Mittal (c. Kho-Kho) | 4. Ayush Shetty (b. Badminton) | 5. Vandana Katariya (a. Hockey)
- (A) e-a-b-c-d
- (B) e-d-c-b-a
- (C) e-d-c-a-b
- (D) b-a-c-d-eβ Correct Answer: (B) e-d-c-b-a
Explanation: Correctly matches Divya Deshmukh to Chess, Smriti Mandhana to Cricket, Sudhanshu Mittal to Kho-Kho, Ayush Shetty to Badminton, and Vandana Katariya to Hockey.
34. Which travelogue was written by Ibn Batuta in Arabic language?
- (A) Safarnama
- (B) Kitab-ul-Hind
- (C) Rihla
- (D) Chachnamaβ Correct Answer: (C) Rihla
Explanation: “Rihla” (The Journey) is the famous travelogue penned by Ibn Batuta.
35. The SHANTI Bill, 2025 is related to which of the following sectors?
- (A) Nuclear Energy Sector
- (B) Health Sector
- (C) Irrigation Sector
- (D) National Highway Sectorβ Correct Answer: (A) Nuclear Energy Sector
Explanation: As per the official answer key, the SHANTI Bill, 2025 pertains to the Nuclear Energy Sector.
36. Arrange the following projects in chronological order of their launch in India.
- Project Cheetah | 2. Project Lion | 3. Project Elephant | 4. Project Tiger
- (A) 1, 2, 3, 4
- (B) 2, 1, 4, 3
- (C) 3, 2, 1, 4
- (D) 4, 3, 2, 1β Correct Answer: (D) 4, 3, 2, 1
Explanation: Project Tiger (1973) -> Project Elephant (1992) -> Project Lion (2020) -> Project Cheetah (2022).
37. In which mountain range of Himalaya, the world’s longest Atal Highway Tunnel has been built?
- (A) Shivalik mountain range
- (B) Karakoram mountain range
- (C) Pir Panjal mountain range
- (D) Zanskar mountain rangeβ Correct Answer: (C) Pir Panjal mountain range
Explanation: The Atal Tunnel is built under the Rohtang Pass in the eastern Pir Panjal range.
38. By an amendment to the Constitution of India, the right to property was removed from the list of fundamental rights and converted it into a simple legal right under which Article?
- (A) Article 300 A
- (B) Article 290 A
- (C) Article 310 A
- (D) Article 280 Aβ Correct Answer: (A) Article 300 A
Explanation: The 44th Amendment Act moved the Right to Property to Article 300A.
39. The wave of expansion of an artery when blood is forced into it is called:
- (A) Heartbeat
- (B) Pulse
- (C) Flow
- (D) Tickingβ Correct Answer: (B) Pulse
Explanation: The rhythmic dilation of an artery generated by the opening and closing of the aortic valve is felt as a pulse.
40. Arrange the following socio-religious organisations in the correct chronological order based on the year of establishment.
i. Brahmo Samaj | ii. Brahmo Samaj of South India | iii. Sadharan Brahmo Samaj | iv. Atmiya Sabha
- (A) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)
- (B) (iv), (iii), (ii), (i)
- (C) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
- (D) (i), (iv), (ii), (iii)β Correct Answer: (C) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
Explanation: Atmiya Sabha (1815) -> Brahmo Samaj (1828) -> Brahmo Samaj of South India (1864) -> Sadharan Brahmo Samaj (1878).
ποΈ Section 5: Constitution, Modern India & Geography (Questions 41β60)
41. Who was the Chairman of Committee on ‘doubling of farmers’ income’?
- (A) M. S. Swaminathan
- (B) C. Rangarajan
- (C) Ashok Dalwai
- (D) Ramesh Chandβ Correct Answer: (C) Ashok Dalwai
Explanation: The Ashok Dalwai Committee was formed in 2016 to strategize doubling farmers’ income.
42. Where among the following, the evidence of a ‘ploughed field’ is found?
- (A) Mohenjodaro
- (B) Kalibangan
- (C) Lothal
- (D) Dholaviraβ Correct Answer: (B) Kalibangan
Explanation: The Indus Valley Civilization site of Kalibangan in Rajasthan revealed evidence of a ploughed field.
43. Which of the following statements is/are correct about clean energy in India in the year 2025?
- Bioenergy capacity has reached 11.61 GW. | 2. Small hydro capacity has increased to 5.16 GW. | 3. Large hydro capacity has reached 50.91 GW. | 4. Solar energy installed capacity has reached 135.81 GW.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2
- (C) Only 3
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: All these targets reflecting India’s renewable energy growth were marked correct by the commission.
44. In the Constitution of India under Provision of which of the following Articles, the presiding officer may allow any member to address the House in his mother tongue?
- (A) Article 119
- (B) Article 120
- (C) Article 111
- (D) Article 112β Correct Answer: (B) Article 120
Explanation: Article 120(1) grants this permission to the Chairman or Speaker.
45. Golden Quadrilateral National Highway Development Project connects which four big metro cities of India?
- (A) Mumbai – Cochin – Jaipur – Kolkata
- (B) Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai – Kolkata
- (C) Delhi – Rajkot – Indore – Kolkata
- (D) Chandigarh – Surat – Bengaluru – Mumbaiβ Correct Answer: (B) Delhi – Mumbai – Chennai – Kolkata
Explanation: The Golden Quadrilateral links the four major metro cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, and Kolkata.
46. Which of the following statement about the Vernacular Press Act 1878 are correct?
i. Passed during Viceroy Lord Ripon. | ii. Repealed by Viceroy Lord Lytton. | iii. Known as the Gagging Act. | iv. Enacted against Vernacular newspapers, especially ‘Amrit Bazar Patrika’.
- (A) Only (i) and (ii)
- (B) Only (iii) and (iv)
- (C) Only (i), (ii) and (iii)
- (D) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv)β Correct Answer: (B) Only (iii) and (iv)
Explanation: The act was passed by Lord Lytton and repealed by Lord Ripon (making i and ii false). It was known as the Gagging Act and targeted vernacular papers like Amrita Bazar Patrika.
47. In context of New Labour Code, consider the following statements and select the correct answer:
i. 29 labour laws codified into 4 labour codes. | ii. Free annual health check up for workers above 40. | iii. Review of minimum wage in every 5 years. | iv. Paid maternity leave of 24 weeks is mandatory.
- (A) (i), (iii) and (iv)
- (B) (i), (ii) and (iii)
- (C) (ii), (iii) and (iv)
- (D) (i), (ii) and (iv)β Correct Answer: (B) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: Statements i, ii, and iii correctly describe provisions under the 4 new labor codes.
48. A model of the Earth, which is represented by the reduced scale on a flat sheet of paper, is called:
- (A) Flat Earth Model
- (B) Reduced Earth Model
- (C) Distance Earth Model
- (D) Scale Earth Modelβ Correct Answer: (B) Reduced Earth Model
Explanation: Representing the 3D earth on a 2D flat plane at a reduced scale is referred to as a Reduced Earth Model.
49. Under which Article of the Constitution of India, a Judge is transferred from one High Court to another High Court?
- (A) Article 219
- (B) Article 220
- (C) Article 221
- (D) Article 222β Correct Answer: (D) Article 222
Explanation: Article 222 empowers the President to transfer a Judge from one High Court to any other High Court.
50. Which language was first accorded the status of classical language of India by the Government of India?
- (A) Pali
- (B) Prakrit
- (C) Sanskrit
- (D) Tamilβ Correct Answer: (D) Tamil
Explanation: Tamil was the first language in India to be declared a Classical Language in 2004.
51. Which of the following statements regarding the Chhattisgarh Industrial Development Policy 2024-30 is/are correct?
- Effective from 1st Nov 2024 to 31st March 2030. | 2. Industries classified into 6 categories by investment size. | 3. Entrepreneurs classified into 7 categories. | 4. Nutraceutical product enterprise included in Thrust Sector.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2
- (C) Only 1, 3 and 4
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (C) Only 1, 3 and 4
Explanation: Statements 1, 3, and 4 correctly align with the new state industrial policy facts.
52. A dish similar to ‘kheer’ in Chhattisgarh is:
- (A) Limad
- (B) Khurmi
- (C) Choulesar
- (D) Taramaiβ Correct Answer: (D) Taramai
Explanation: ‘Taramai’ is a traditional Chhattisgarhi dessert preparation similar in nature to milk-based kheer.
53. In which year was the growth rate (constant prices 2011-12) in the contribution of electricity, gas and water supply to the GDP of Chhattisgarh been the lowest?
- (A) 2022-23
- (B) 2023-24
- (C) 2024-25
- (D) Never beenβ Correct Answer: (B) 2023-24
Explanation: According to the official answer key and state economic surveys, the lowest growth rate in this utility sector was recorded in 2023-24.
54. Who was the ruler of the Surguja State at the time of the Oraon Rebellion in 1918?
- (A) Shiv Raj Singh
- (B) Ajit Singh
- (C) Ramanuj Sharan
- (D) Indrapratap Sharanβ Correct Answer: (C) Ramanuj Sharan
Explanation: Maharaja Ramanuj Sharan Singh Deo was the ruler of the Surguja princely state during the 1918 Oraon rebellion.
55. Consider the following statements:
I. 75 Gram Panchayats of Surajpur district in Chhattisgarh declared as child marriage free. | II. This achievement is the outcome of district’s flagship programme ‘healthy woman, empowered families’.
- (A) Only (I)
- (B) Only (II)
- (C) Both (I) and (II)
- (D) Neither (I) nor (II)β Correct Answer: (C) Both (I) and (II)
Explanation: Both statements correctly outline the recent social developmental milestone achieved in the Surajpur district.
56. Which of the following statements related to Kharun river is/are correct?
- Important river of Durg district. | 2. Originated from Pentechua of Chorhanala. | 3. Flows for about 80.5 km in Durg-Raipur border. | 4. Flows at elevations ranging from 300 m to 150 m.
- (A) Only 1 and 2
- (B) Only 1, 2 and 3
- (C) Only 1, 2 and 4
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: The Kharun river acts as a vital geographical feature matching all four characteristics provided.
57. Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding the Chief Minister Amrit Yojana?
- Operational since 2016. | 2. Implemented as Pilot Project in Kabirdham and Bastar. | 3. Flavored milk is provided. | 4. Implemented in 2554 primary and 1165 secondary schools.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2
- (C) Only 3
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: All the given statements about the Mukhyamantri Amrit Yojana are correct based on the scheme’s initial launch phase.
58. Where is Pendra Plateau located?
- (A) Between Hasdeo – Mand Basin
- (B) Between Lormi and Hasdeo Basin
- (C) Trans-Mahanadi Plain
- (D) Trans-Shivnath Plainβ Correct Answer: (B) Between Lormi and Hasdeo Basin
Explanation: The Pendra-Lormi plateau forms a distinct physiographic region acting as a watershed between the western borders and the Hasdeo basin area.
59. Which of the following tribes believe in spirits?
- (A) Toda
- (B) Kota
- (C) Oraon
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: Animism and the profound belief in natural and ancestral spirits are common denominators among traditional religious practices of the Toda, Kota, and Oraon tribes.
60. Which of the following statements is/are not correct about the rule of Panduvansha in Chhattisgarh?
- Established State in Dakshin Kosal after Sharabhpuriya Dynasty ended. | 2. Harshagupta called Param-Maheswar. | 3. During Harsha Gupta, Vishnu Temple was built in Sirpur. | 4. Tivar Dev was succeeded by Harsha Gupta, Mahannan and Chandra Gupta.
- (A) Only 3 and 4
- (B) Only 3
- (C) Only 1 and 2
- (D) None of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (A) Only 3 and 4
Explanation: The Lakshmana (Vishnu) Temple at Sirpur was built by Queen Vasata after Harsha Gupta’s death, not during his reign. Also, Tivar Dev was succeeded by Nannaraj II, making statement 4 incorrect.
πͺ Section 6: Chhattisgarh Specific Culture & Admin (Questions 61β100)
61. Group entertainment song of Ghotul is:
- (A) Kaksar
- (B) Lorik Chanda
- (C) Hullkipata
- (D) Dola Paraβ Correct Answer: (C) Hullkipata
Explanation: Hullki Pata is a popular group entertainment song/dance performed by Muria youth in the Ghotul.
62. What is the answer of the puzzle “Charka Garu charat Jaay, Kariya Garu sutat Jaay”?
- (A) The lamp and the wick
- (B) Pencil and slate
- (C) Ocean and waves
- (D) Moon and dark skyβ Correct Answer: (B) Pencil and slate
Explanation: This traditional riddle translates to “The white cow keeps grazing, the black cow stays sleeping,” which metaphorically describes a white chalk/pencil writing across a black slate.
63. What is the period for providing temporary shelter at Sakhi One Stop Centre?
- (A) Upto 05 days
- (B) Upto 07 days
- (C) Upto 15 days
- (D) Upto 21 daysβ Correct Answer: (A) Upto 05 days
Explanation: The scheme mandates short-term temporary shelter facility for aggrieved women generally for up to 5 days.
64. What percentage of subsidy is given to small marginal and other farmers respectively for providing sprinkler sets and drip systems under PMKSY?
- (A) 55% small marginal farmers, 45% other farmers
- (B) 45% small marginal farmers, 55% other farmers
- (C) 50% small marginal farmers, 40% other farmers
- (D) 65% small marginal farmers, 55% other farmersβ Correct Answer: (A) 55% small marginal farmers, 45% other farmers
Explanation: The standard subsidy norm is 55% for small and marginal farmers and 45% for other farmers.
65. The people of Ratanpur were deeply saddened by Bimbaji’s death. Which foreign traveler mentioned this?
- (A) Colebrook
- (B) George Forster
- (C) Hieun Tsang
- (D) Bluntβ Correct Answer: (A) Colebrook
Explanation: The British envoy Colebrooke passed through Chhattisgarh and noted the popularity and the mourning of the locals upon Bimbaji Bhonsle’s death.
66. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding agriculture in Dandakaranya region of Chhattisgarh?
- Pulses are sown on 8% of the total sown land. | 2. Jowar is sown on 1% of the total sown land. | 3. Under Kharif Chana, Tivra, Peas, Moong and Urad are cultivated. | 4. Kodo and Kutki are sown on 25% of the total sown land.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2 and 3
- (C) Only 1, 2 and 4
- (D) Only 1 and 4β Correct Answer: (C) Only 1, 2 and 4
Explanation: Statement 3 is incorrect because Chana, Tivra, and Peas are predominantly Rabi (winter) crops, not Kharif.
67. Writer of Kavya Sangrah ‘Parra Bhar Lai’ is:
- (A) Dr. Gore Lal Chandel
- (B) Dr. Bihari Lal Sahu
- (C) Pt. Shyam Lal Chaturvedi
- (D) Dr. Surendra Dubeyβ Correct Answer: (C) Pt. Shyam Lal Chaturvedi
Explanation: The famous Chhattisgarhi poetry collection ‘Parra Bhar Lai’ was authored by Pt. Shyam Lal Chaturvedi.
68. Which facts are correct regarding the current irrigation potential of Chhattisgarh State?
i. Potential is 21.76 lakh hectares. | ii. 2514 minor irrigation schemes built. | iii. 49.50% groundwater used. | iv. Additional 10.48 lakh hectares developed after state formation.
- (A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
- (B) (i) and (ii)
- (C) (iv) and (i)
- (D) (ii) and (iii)β Correct Answer: (A) (i), (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: Official government water resource data aligns with statements i, ii, and iii.
69. The highest peak located in the Khuriya plateau is:
- (A) Pandrapaat
- (B) Burjudih
- (C) Bhanvar Mountain
- (D) Tendupatβ Correct Answer: (B) Burjudih
Explanation: According to the official answer key, Burjudih is considered the highest point in the Khuriya plateau area.
70. When is the ‘Sarhul’ festival celebrated in the Oraon tribe?
- (A) On the arrival of new crops
- (B) On growing flowers in sal tree
- (C) During agriculture
- (D) None of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (B) On growing flowers in sal tree
Explanation: Sarhul is a major spring festival celebrated when the Sal trees are in full bloom.
71. Consider the following statements about the Gram Sabha.
- Every resident of the Gram Panchayat territory shall be its member. | 2. Shall meet at least once in every three months. | 3. In the absence of Sarpanch/Deputy, the senior most panch shall preside. | 4. A meeting shall be summoned within 30 days if >1/3rd of members demand in writing.
- (A) Both 1 and 2
- (B) Both 1 and 3
- (C) Both 2 and 3
- (D) Both 2 and 4β Correct Answer: (D) Both 2 and 4
Explanation: Statement 1 is wrong (only registered voters are members). Statement 3 is wrong (the presiding member is elected by members present).
72. In the Constitution of India, Nagar Panchayat is mentioned in:
- (A) Part IX
- (B) Part IXA
- (C) Part IXB
- (D) Fifth Scheduleβ Correct Answer: (B) Part IXA
Explanation: Part IXA of the Constitution deals with the Municipalities, which includes Nagar Panchayats.
73. Match the classical music/dance (Column-I) with the related famous personalities of Chhattisgarh (Column-II).
- Kathak | 2. Tabla | 3. Sitar | 4. Bharatnatyama. Indrani Chakravarti | b. Madhurima Chandra Shekhar | c. Arti Jain | d. Mukund Narayan Bhale
- (A) a-b-d-c
- (B) c-d-a-b
- (C) b-c-a-d
- (D) d-a-c-bβ Correct Answer: (B) c-d-a-b
Explanation: Arti Jain (Kathak), Mukund Narayan Bhale (Tabla), Indrani Chakravarti (Sitar), Madhurima Chandra Shekhar (Bharatnatyam).
74. During which Movement did V. V. Giri visited Rajnandgaon?
- (A) First Mill Labour Movement
- (B) Second Mill Labour Movement
- (C) Third Mill Labour Movement
- (D) Quit India Movementβ Correct Answer: (A) First Mill Labour Movement
Explanation: V.V. Giri visited Rajnandgaon to mediate during the historic First BNC Mill Labour strike.
75. Based on the Chhattisgarh SDG District Level Progress Report 2023, match the SDG goals with the top-performing districts.
- Goal 05 | 2. Goal 08 | 3. Goal 10 | 4. Goal 13a. Kabirdham | b. Raipur | c. Bilaspur | d. Raigarh
- (A) a-b-d-c
- (B) b-a-c-d
- (C) c-b-a-d
- (D) d-c-b-aβ Correct Answer: (A) a-b-d-c
Explanation: Goal 5 (Gender Equality) -> Kabirdham, Goal 8 (Decent Work) -> Raipur, Goal 10 (Reduced Inequalities) -> Raigarh, Goal 13 (Climate Action) -> Bilaspur.
76. Which of the following ornament is worn in ear?
- Titari | 2. Lerki | 3. Jhumka | 4. Patia
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 1, 2 and 3
- (C) Only 4
- (D) Only 3β Correct Answer: (B) Only 1, 2 and 3
Explanation: Titari, Lerki, and Jhumka are traditional Chhattisgarhi earrings. ‘Patia’ is a hair/neck ornament.
77. Which of the following option is not included in the composition of a Janpad Panchayat?
- (A) All MLAs from constituencies wholly in the Janpad Area.
- (B) All MLAs from constituencies partly in the Janpad Area.
- (C) One-fifth (1/5) of Sarpanchas by rotation for one year.
- (D) Elected members of the Lok Sabha whose part of Constituency falls fully or partly in the Janpad Panchayat Area.β Correct Answer: (D) Elected members of the Lok Sabha…
Explanation: Members of the Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha are ex-officio members at the Zila Panchayat level, not at the Janpad Panchayat level.
78. In Chhattisgarh, garnet mineral is found in which of the following districts?
- (A) Gariyaband, Jashpur, Bijapur
- (B) Balrampur, Surguja, Mahasamund
- (C) Raigarh, Koriya, Korba
- (D) Mungeli, Sukma, Kondagaonβ Correct Answer: (A) Gariyaband, Jashpur, Bijapur
Explanation: Garnet deposits in Chhattisgarh are primarily located in the districts of Gariyaband, Jashpur, and Bijapur.
79. ‘Kothali’ waterfall is located in:
- (A) Kanhar River
- (B) Rihand River
- (C) Banas River
- (D) Mand Riverβ Correct Answer: (A) Kanhar River
Explanation: The Kothali waterfall is a scenic waterfall situated on the Kanhar river.
80. ‘Bihai’ in Chhattisgarh is a type of:
- (A) Dance
- (B) Chouk
- (C) Folk song
- (D) Folk dramaβ Correct Answer: (B) Chouk
Explanation: ‘Bihai’ refers to a specific traditional Chouk purana (auspicious floor painting) pattern made during marriage ceremonies.
81. ‘Dharmesh’ is the chief Deity of which tribe?
- (A) Oraon
- (B) Muriya
- (C) Bhunjiya
- (D) Binjhwarβ Correct Answer: (A) Oraon
Explanation: Dharmesh is the supreme creator and chief sun deity worshipped by the Oraon tribe.
82. In Chhattisgarh State, division of Gram Panchayats into wards is done:
- (A) By the Governor
- (B) By the State Election Commission
- (C) By the Collector of the District
- (D) By the concerned Gram Sabhaβ Correct Answer: (C) By the Collector of the District
Explanation: Under the Panchayati Raj Act, the District Collector is the prescribed authority responsible for the delimitation and division of a Gram Panchayat into wards.
83. In which Hotel of Raipur was the “Raipur Conspiracy Case” planned?
- (A) Imperial Hotel
- (B) New India Hotel
- (C) Raj Hotel
- (D) Oriental Hotelβ Correct Answer: (D) Oriental Hotel
Explanation: The famous Raipur Conspiracy Case (1942) was plotted in the Oriental Hotel.
84. The theme “One Expression, Supreme Creation” is related to:
- (A) Rajyotsava – 2025
- (B) Chakradhar Samaroh – 2025
- (C) Sirpur Mahotsav – 2025
- (D) Bharat Rang Mahotsav – 2025β Correct Answer: (D) Bharat Rang Mahotsav – 2025
Explanation: The National School of Drama’s Bharat Rang Mahotsav 2025 adopted this distinct cultural expression theme.
85. What was the installed capacity (in megawatts) for electricity utilization in Chhattisgarh State as of 2024?
- (A) 2840 megawatts
- (B) 138.70 megawatts
- (C) 2850 megawatts
- (D) 2978.70 megawattsβ Correct Answer: (D) 2978.70 megawatts
Explanation: According to state economic data for the given fiscal period, the total state-owned installed capacity was 2978.70 MW.
86. Which Article of Indian Constitution directs the State for organisation of Gram Panchayats?
- (A) Article 39
- (B) Article 40
- (C) Article 41
- (D) Article 42β Correct Answer: (B) Article 40
Explanation: Article 40 (under DPSP) directs the State to take steps to organize village panchayats.
87. Which of the following statements are not correct in the context of P.M. KUSUM Scheme?
i. Make agriculture sector diesel free | ii. Provision of Rs. 326 crore in CG budget 2025-26. | iii. Central Govt provides subsidy upto 30% or 60%. | iv. Farmers can install solar power plants up to 2 MW on barren land.
- (A) (iii) and (iv)
- (B) (ii) and (iv)
- (C) (i) and (iv)
- (D) (ii) and (iii)β Correct Answer: (D) (ii) and (iii)
Explanation: PM KUSUM generally provides a 30% central subsidy (not “upto 60%” exclusively from the center). Statement ii’s specific budget allocation figure is also incorrect.
88. In which Princely State of Chhattisgarh did the first rebellion against Begar Pratha take place?
- (A) Raigarh
- (B) Rajnandgaon
- (C) Chhuikhadan
- (D) Bastarβ Correct Answer: (B) Rajnandgaon
Explanation: The official key recognizes the early uprisings in Rajnandgaon as the first major push against the forced labor (Begar) system.
89. Which of the following statement is/are correct regarding Pt. Lochan Prasad Pandey?
- Established Chhattisgarh Gaurav Pracharak Mandali in 1921. | 2. Oriya ruler conferred title ‘Kavya Vinod’. | 3. Scholar of Sanskrit, English, Bangla, Oriya, Hindi. | 4. Two volumes of archaeological articles published 1932/1937.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2
- (C) Only 2 and 3
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: All the listed historical and literary facts regarding the eminent Chhattisgarhi scholar Pt. Lochan Prasad Pandey are correct.
90. Assertion (A): Chhattisgarh Accelerated Learning for Knowledge Economy (CHAK) is being implemented to improve school education in Chhattisgarh. Reason (R): The School Education Department is making arrangements to provide education to the students based on their mother tongue at the primary level.
- (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
- (B) Both correct, but (R) is not correct explanation
- (C) (A) is correct, but (R) is incorrect
- (D) (A) is incorrect, but (R) is correctβ Correct Answer: (A) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is correct explanation of (A)
Explanation: The World Bank-supported CHAK project fundamentally includes pushing foundational learning through mother-tongue instruction.
91. Which of the following statements is/are correct about the Dry Sal Forest of Chhattisgarh?
- Found on slopes in Kanai, Ras, Pidia and Patkura. | 2. Height reaches 21 to 22 m. | 3. Found in flat plateau region with laterite soil where drainage is good. | 4. Found in Dongargarh and Khairagarh range.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 1 and 2
- (C) Only 1, 2 and 3
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (A) Only 1
Explanation: Dry Sal forests differ from moist sal; they typically do not reach 21-22m in height and have specific soil distributions, making only statement 1 factually correct.
92. In the State Budget of Chhattisgarh 2025-26, the budget allocation respectively for PM-JANMAN Road Construction Yojana and Mukhya Mantri Samagra Grameen Yojana was:
- (A) Rs. 500 Crores and Rs. 200 Crores
- (B) Rs. 3,200 Crores and Rs. 5,500 Crores
- (C) Rs. 875 Crores and Rs. 738 Crores
- (D) Rs. 3,500 Crores and Rs. 1,850 Croresβ Correct Answer: (A) Rs. 500 Crores and Rs. 200 Crores
Explanation: Specific allocations in the 25-26 budget reserved 500 crores for PVTG connectivity under PM-JANMAN and 200 crores for the state rural scheme.
93. The following statement regarding housing is related to which tribe? “Traditionally three types of houses are built, Khaddar Ghar or Ban Khaddar, Bhithi Ghar and Ladi or Nan-Ak-Ladi.”
- (A) Baiga Tribe
- (B) Dorla Tribe
- (C) Munda Tribe
- (D) None of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (A) Baiga Tribe
Explanation: The Baiga tribe, primarily residing in the Maikal hills, traditionally construct these specific architectural typologies.
94. According to the Provisions of the Panchayats (Extension to the Scheduled Areas) Act, 1996 a Village shall ordinarily consist of:
- Hamlet or group of hamlets | 2. Comprising a community | 3. A minimum population of 200 | 4. Managing its affairs in accordance with traditions and customs
- (A) 1, 2, 3
- (B) 1, 2, 4
- (C) 2, 3, 4
- (D) 1, 3, 4β Correct Answer: (B) 1, 2, 4
Explanation: PESA defines a village organically based on community, hamlets, and shared traditions; there is no strict “minimum population of 200” statutory requirement.
95. Which of the following statements is/are not correct about low rainfall areas of Chhattisgarh?
- Receives 1300 to 1400 mm. | 2. Does not include most of NE Baghelkhand and central Mahanadi basin. | 3. Central Mahanadi basin receives 1100 to 1200 mm. | 4. Lowest rainfall occurs in the 03 Eastern parts.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2 and 3
- (C) Only 1, 2 and 4
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (D) All of the above
Explanation: The statements misrepresent the data. Low rainfall regions in CG receive much less than 1300mm, and the lowest rainfall occurs in the western/rain shadow parts, not the east.
96. Which of the following statements is/are correct regarding the Maratha rule in Chhattisgarh?
- Taxes imposed based on number of ploughs. | 2. System of measuring land and determining taxes. | 3. Tax collection in cash. | 4. Proper management for sale of grains.
- (A) Only 1
- (B) Only 2
- (C) Only 3
- (D) All of the aboveβ Correct Answer: (A) Only 1
Explanation: The Maratha Subedars primarily exacted revenue through the “Halbandi” systemβtaxing based on the number of ploughs a farmer possessed, rather than precise land measurement.
97. Select the correct idiom for “to work very hard”.
- (A) Panhi Chamkana
- (B) Panhi Torna
- (C) Panhi Khiyana
- (D) Panhi Uchanaβ Correct Answer: (B) Panhi Torna
Explanation: In Chhattisgarhi dialect, “Panhi Torna” translates to wearing out or breaking one’s shoes, an idiom perfectly synonymous with working extremely hard.
98. Assertion (A): Indravati Sanctuary attained the status of a National Park in 1981. Reason (R): Indravati National Park was later declared a Tiger Reserve in 1983 under Project Tiger.
- (A) Both true, R explains A
- (B) Both true, R does not explain A
- (C) A is true, R is false
- (D) A is false, R is trueβ Correct Answer: (B) Both (A) and (R) are true, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
Explanation: Both facts are historically accurate for Indravati. However, becoming a Tiger Reserve in 1983 is a subsequent event and not the reason it was initially declared a National Park in 1981.
99. Where is the ‘Bees Duariya’ Temple located?
- (A) Malhar
- (B) Talagaon
- (C) Turturiya
- (D) Ratanpurβ Correct Answer: (D) Ratanpur
Explanation: The historic Bees Duariya (twenty-doored) temple structure is one of the architectural marvels located in Ratanpur.
100. Match the minerals found in Chhattisgarh (Column – I) with their locations (Column – II).
- Quartzite | 2. Mica | 3. Lead | 4. Fireclaya. Pendri | b. Chiraipani | c. Gudhipurwa | d. Bhalai (Lundra)
- (A) a-c-b-d
- (B) d-c-a-b
- (C) d-b-c-a
- (D) b-a-d-cβ Correct Answer: (D) b-a-d-c
Explanation: Based on geological occurrences in the state, the accurate matching pairs Quartzite to Chiraipani, Mica to Pendri, Lead to Bhalai (Lundra), and Fireclay to Gudhipurwa.
